Rousseau And The Social Contract - 1503 Words

Rousseau The Social Contract The Social Contract is a political work written by Swiss philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau that theorized the best way to establish a sovereign political community in the face of the problems within a divided commercial society. The Social Contract helped inspire political reforms or revolutions in Europe; most notably in France. Furthermore, Rousseau’s argument was against the idea that Monarchs were divinely empowered to legislate; in his opinion only the people who are sovereign have that all-powerful right. Rousseau’s aim in writing The Social Contract is to determine whether there can be a legitimate political authority, since peoples’ interaction with government left them worse off with their freedoms â€Å"restrained† by the society created by their political leaders. With this stated purpose I believe that Rousseau’s ideas are to a great extent liberal and cry out for the people of this time to take a stand and voice their will towards a corrupt system of government and gain back their natural freedoms. â€Å"Man was born free, and he is everywhere in chains. Those who think themselves the masters of others are indeed greater slaves than they† (Rousseau, pg. 49). With Rousseau’s beginning statements he establishes an unjust link between government and the people it governs revealing that the natural rights of the people have been either taken or modified to fit the agendas of men who are slaves to the power they mandate. These â€Å"chains† thatShow MoreRelatedRousseau s The Social Contract1588 Words   |  7 PagesThe following texts, Rousseau s The Social Contract, Marx’s Private Property and Communism, Estranged Labor and Money, all differentiate between a general will, and a more personal, individual will. However, Rousseau’s and Marx’s theories of a general will, or collective being have discrepancies in both the origin and implications of g eneral will and individual will. Rousseau defines general will as a collective desire to advance society towards a common goal. However, Rousseau warns that ignoringRead MoreThe Social Contract By Jean Jacques Rousseau1271 Words   |  6 Pages ‘The Social Contract’ was written in 1762 by Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Often viewed as one of the most important philosophers during the Enlightenment Era, Rousseau wrote ‘The Social Contract’ to explain his theory of how society originated, as well as how much authority government should have over those under its power. He also explained why people within a society should have more authority when it comes to establishing laws. Rousseau concluded that Legislative and Executive bodies must be establishedRead MoreThe Rousseau s Thesis And Social Contract1548 Words   |  7 PagesTo better understand Rousseau’s thesis and social contract he proposed, we must first understand why Rousseau felt compelled to write and his main criticism of society during the 18th century. In sum, Rousseau argued that states (specifically France, though never explicitly stated) have not protected man’s right to freedom or equality. Rousseau began The Social Contract i n dramatic fashion. He wrote, â€Å"man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains† (1). This quote is still used today, and isRead MoreThe Magna And Rousseau Theory Of The Social Contract884 Words   |  4 PagesMagna Carta vs Rousseau The Magna Carta and Rousseau theory of the social contract are both different and similar in many ways. The Magna Carta protects a certain group of people. And the Rousseau theory of the social contract is to protect everyone. But they also have a lot of similarities such as the fact that they both put restrains on the government. Magna Carta The Magna Carta is a series of documents that represent an important step in the progression of governance in western civilizationRead MoreThe Social Contract: Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau1377 Words   |  6 PagesThe Social Contract The three philosophers, Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau were three key thinkers of political philosophy. The three men helped develop the social contract theory into what it is in this modern day and age. The social contract theory was the creation of Hobbes who created the idea of a social contract theory, which Locke and Rousseau built upon. Their ideas of the social contract were often influenced by the era in which they lived and social issues thatRead MoreThe Social Contract : Hobbes Vs. Rousseau1457 Words   |  6 PagesThe Social Contract: Hobbes vs. Rousseau Since the beginning of the modern age, governments and states have existed in order to maintain moral law. Essentially these institutions are for the greater good of humanity. However, little thought is ever given to how humans lived without governments. Each and every person in the modern age is born into a state, and becomes a part of that state regardless of their will. The concept that humans are born into a state is derived from the social contract. TheRead MoreThe Social Contract By Jean- Jacques Rousseau1512 Words   |  7 Pages The Social Contract by Jean- Jacques Rousseau can be seen as the foundation of the American political system. This is only true if the state believes to only serve the will of the people and that they are the full political power. They are the ones who give the power, or take away the power. I think that this is relevant when Rousseau brings up the general will and the will of all. Before I go into that I think it is important to go through the difference between what the general will is and theRead MoreRousseau And Hobbes And Rousseau On Individual And Differing Social Contracts2105 Words   |  9 Pagescreated. Rousseau and Hobbes and their individual and differing social contracts are no exception to this. Each of the theorists believed their specific social contracts would best provide the solutions to the political problems they address. Both create complex, sometimes contradicting diagnosis s of the individual problem they address. As with most pieces of writing, the setting the author was in when writing it often has great amounts of influence. This is true with both social contracts and problemsRead MoreHobbes And Rousseau On The Social Contract Theory1625 Words   |  7 Pagesand Rousseau on the Social Contract Theory The social contract theory focuses on the origin of states and laws, and the impact of regulated communities or states on individuals. All conceptions of the social contract theory can be harmonized to the individual desire for safety or security and the demand for fulfillment through a collective agreement which transforms the human dimension into an organized society from the primordial state. Rousseau was the first philosopher to coin the social contractRead MoreAn Analysis Of Rousseau s On The Social Contract 898 Words   |  4 PagesFinding Meaning in Rousseau In â€Å"On the Social Contract,† Jean-Jacques Rousseau famously declares, â€Å"Man was/is born free, and everywhere he is in chains.† In this essay, I will attempt to explain this famous quote of Rousseau’s. Moreover, through a careful exposition of â€Å"On the Social Contract,† I intend to explain Rousseau’s proposed solution to the conundrum of freedom in society. The preliminary investigation into Rousseau originates with an account of his assertion that, â€Å"Man was/is born

The Mayan People - 2269 Words

The Maya refers to a group of ancient Mesoamerican people famous for the development of the Western Hemisphere’s sophisticated culture prior to the Spanish arrival (Cook Offit 32). One of the primary factors of their culture was their religion which was characteristic of nature gods’ worship, a priestly class, astrology’s and astronomy’s importance, human sacrifice rituals, and pyramidical temples’ construction (Cook Offit 32). In addition to the religion, the Maya people are also special because of elaborate systems of art, architecture, mathematics, and astronomy. The Maya’s written language, available in the form of several codices and inscriptions, reveals principal aspects of rainforest civilization and mysteries. Just like several modern Mesoamerican religions, the Maya religion is a consequence of hundreds of years’ symbiosis with Roman Catholicism (Cook Offit 32). Considering the pre-Spanish antecedents of the Maya religion, it emerges that the traditional religion was already there for over 2000 years in the form of a distinct phenomenon. Currently, the religion exhibits interaction and coexistence with syncretism of pan-Maya which is a tradition’s re-invention by Christianity and the movement of Pan-Maya (Cook Offit 32). Indeed, several Mayan religion’s aspects survive among the current Mexican Mayan Indians alongside Central American Mayan Indians, with their practices being an integration of Roman Catholicism and the old religion. This has the implicationShow MoreRelatedAncient Civilization And The Mayan People917 Words   |  4 PagesEvery ancient civilization had a set of beliefs and the Mayan people were no different. The Mayan people believed in two worlds, the â€Å"everyday world and the underworld, or the Place of Awe,† (2012). The Mayans believed in many gods, human sacrifice and the burial process for the poor and the kings were very different. The Mayans became around 250 AD and the Olmec’s influenced their religious culture. It was not until 900 AD that the Mayans began to flourish in cities across modern day Mexico, GuatemalaRead MoreThe first thing I think of or most people think of when they hear the word Mayans, is how they1600 Words   |  7 Pagesor most people think of when they hear the word Mayans, is how they think the Mayans believed the world was ending December 21, 2012. From research though, you find out that this not the case at all. And the Mayans didn’t believe that at all it is just a new age theory. The Mayans are such a rich culture and have so much history behind them. The ethnic Mayans are one of the earliest developed civilizations. They are a native Mesoamerican people that were founded back in 250 A.D. The Mayans flourishedRead MoreThe Silent Holocaust : The Silent Holocaust1099 Words   |  5 Pagesdevastating events that people often think of as vastly different. Where war usual ly reveals political difference, genocide demonstrates the idea of a certain party that desires to use mass destruction on another group. However, war and genocide have similarities which create uncertainty on how to define the event. â€Å"The Silent Holocaust†, more specifically known as the Guatemalan genocide of the Mayans, is a model example of confusion between war and genocide; many Mayans were killed, but the governmentRead MoreMayan Civilization : Ancient Civilizations1314 Words   |  6 PagesMayan Civilization The mayan civilization was one of the earliest civilizations that occupied areas that are today known as Guatemala, Northern Belize, and Mexico. The mayan civilization lived through what is known as the Classic Period. Their culture began about 250 C.E. and ended near 900 C.E. While most of the population lived in what is present day Guatemala the population of the mayans rose from 5,000 to almost two million people near the end of the Classic Period. Although the mayans are knownRead MoreCharacteristics Of The Mayan Civilization814 Words   |  4 PagesMayan Civilization There were many incredible civilizations in mesoamerica including the Incas, Aztecs, and the Mayas. They all had many strengths and weaknesses but the strongest among them were the Mayans. The Mayans were a very advanced civilization who survived for many, many years. The Mayans were very advanced in astronomy. They could map out the stars, the planets, the sun, and the moon. They knew so much about astronomy that they built all of their buildings in perfect alignment with compassRead MoreHistory of Mayan Culture1499 Words   |  6 PagesHistory of Mayan Culture The mysterious culture of ancient Maya once covered a vast geographic area in Central and South America. Their civilization extended to parts of what are now Mexico, Honduras, and El Salvador, and most of Guatemala and Belize. The Mayans first settled in 1500BC. The Mayans environment consisted of tropical rainforests, which was also one of their main sources of resources, they turned the jungles into great cities. The rainforest would provide them with food, clothing,Read MoreThe Maya And The Mayan Civilization1439 Words   |  6 Pageswere a people from Middle America, which includes modern Guatemala, Southern Mexico, and Northern Belize (Editors). The Maya civilization was considered to be â€Å"one of the most dominant indigenous societies of Mesoamerica,† (Maya). â€Å"The Maya excelled at agriculture, pottery, hieroglyph writing, calendar-making, and mathematics, and left behind an astonishing amount of impressive architecture and symbolic artwork,† (Maya). They also gave mankind the modern calendar (Jarus, Maya). The Mayans were aRead MoreThe Mayan Civilization : Ancient Civilization1425 Words   |  6 PagesThe Mayan Civilization: For many centuries the Mayan was of life was a mystery to archaeologists. Their geography, social structure, government, economy/trade, technology, writing, and arts were all thought to be forever lost. Now, as archaeologists are still uncovering more information, what was once referred to as â€Å"The Lost Civilization of Maya†, has been awakened from the grave of unknown. Geography: The ancient Mayan Civilization surrounded by the Gulf of Mexico and the Pacific Ocean stretchedRead MoreThe Survival Of The Yucatec Maya Culture1490 Words   |  6 Pagesconquistadors had on the indigenous Mayans, with their respective focuses standing in diametric opposition to one another. In â€Å"The Survival of the Yucatec Maya Culture,† Clendinnen stresses the importance of how Mayan tradition persisted through the traumas of conquest and the ruthless conversion campaign imposed by colonial leaders. Furthermore, she argues that despite the slaughters and disease that traditionally define the native experience of the conquest, that the Mayan were able to rationalize andRead MoreThe Cultural Similarities Differences Between the Inca and Mayan Empires619 Words   |  3 PagesThough the Inca and Mayan empires existed at different times in history, they have a few things in common. Like other societies throughout history though, they have many things that set them apart fr om each other. The biggest similarity they share is that they both had control of massive empires that eventually ceased to exist. To start off with, the Mayans existed earlier in history than the Incas. The Mayans existed from 1000 BC to AD 1697 and no one is quite certain what wiped out their ancient

Correctional Facilities And A Safe Environment For Both...

It is critical that correctional facilities have proper polices and procedures in place to ensure a safe environment for both the inmates and the staff of the facility. According to the United States Department of Justice (USDOJ), â€Å"Over 10,000 ex-prisoners are relased from America’s state and federal prisons every week and arrive on the doorsteps of our nation’s communities† (â€Å"Prisoners and Prisoner Re-Entry, para 1). Understanding and knowing what works within a facility can mean life or death. It is also important that society understands that these inmates will most likely re-enter society. How they react when they re-enter the community is dependent upon what they learn and how they are treated within the facility where they are housed. Correctional facilities and leaders create and test programs to make the transition into society easier for the inmate. The Federal Bureau of Prisons have reentry programs where the inmates learn skills that will be come crucial when they are job searching once released, writing a resume, and actually holding the job once they have accomplished it (Reentry Programs, para 2). Some inmates have no family or friends to support them because of their incarceration, which leaves them hopeless and homeless once they leave the facility. This paper will examine effective programs that are in place, and recommendations that will increase the effectiveness of correctional facilities and reduce recidivism of inmates with these programs. This topic ofShow MoreRelatedStructure of the Ohio Department of Rehabilitation and Corrections1604 Words   |  7 Pagesunder a function organization structure within state government that clearly separated services provided into two primary categories: prisons and parole services with both categories reporting to the agency Director. An organization structure based on functions provides a clear direction for job requirements, allows the opportunity for staff to become experts in their field of assignment, which increases productivity. Although this structure was successfully utilized by the DRC for many years, unintentionallyRead MoreInternal And External And Internal Stakeholders1428 Words   |  6 Pageslocal police decide to conduct a large sweep of offenders who have warrants or make mass arrests of people involved in the drug trade, their pre-trial facilities can expect a large night of intakes, many of whom may be under the influence or detoxing (Horgan , 2012). Our counts are reliant on the number of arrests that the police make and our medical staffs often are required to deal with a sick population (Horgan , 2012). Prosecutors: When the local District Attorney or Attorney General makes prosecutingRead MorePrivate Prisons1166 Words   |  5 Pages 2 Abstract Over-crowding in our federal, state, and local prisons, along with a depressed economy, has resulted in a trend toward privatization of these facilities. This paper examines the core issues surrounding private prisons in the areas of cost-effectiveness, recidivism, and the special needs of specific groups of inmates, including the elderly and mentally challenged. It explores problems related to the prison industry in general and whether privatization is the solution to theseRead MoreThe Law Enforcement And The Judicial System870 Words   |  4 Pagessystem to punish people who have violated the law. Often times people commit crimes that carry jail or prison sentences. This requires governments at the federal, state, and local level to establish facilities to house these individuals. In 2013 the total number of adults in some phase of the correctional system was around seven million, whether it be jail, prison, or probation and parole (BJS, 2015). Being incarcerated is the puni shment; being locked away, separated from loved ones, and removed fromRead MoreCja 484 Week 5 Learning Team Final Corrections Research Paper and Evaluation2298 Words   |  10 Pageshelp keep the environment safe from harm. After evaluating the past, present, and future trends of community-based corrections, the program has helped develop other alternatives for offenders. This will help the criminals from receiving the incarceration sentence and offer treatment programs for better results. Correctional facilities, involving the law enforcement agencies may require fiscal responsibilities within the facility. The security environment is different from other facilities as the systemsRead MoreBehind Bars: Pregnant Inmates and the Challenges of Care Essay1378 Words   |  6 Pagesrisk, in an environment that is both intimidating and routinely violent. (Hutchinson et. al., 2008) In 2012, the total number of inmates incarcerated in the state and federal correctional system for was 1,571,013, of which 108,866 of those inmates were females. In the last two decades, until 2009, women were the fastest growing population within the state and federal correctional institutions. Since 2009, the number of inmates incarcerated in state and federal correctional facilities has slowlyRead MoreWhat Are The Ethical Issues Of Solitary Confinement?1526 Words   |  7 Pagesdangerous and out of control inmates, which if used for a short period of time (a few days; 2-3days) is okay. But the issues come when inmates are housed in solitary confinement for long, extended periods of time that we see the effects it has on those inmates and how it can be seen as torture and inhumane for those enduring such cruel environments. Solitary Confinement used to Control Many prisons through the world use solitary confinement as a form of control for prison inmates that are out of controlRead MoreThe Implications Of The Criminal Justice System Essay1683 Words   |  7 Pagessystem, such as in relation to correctional personnel, the inmate population, and the community. Prison, as many sociologist see it, is a total institution. Total institutions, as defined in our text, Canadian Criminal Justice: A Primer by Curt T. Griffiths, are â€Å"correctional institutions, psychiatric hospitals, and other facilities characterized by highly structured environment in which all movements of the inmates or patients are controlled 24 hours a day by staff† (p. 245). The personnel in theseRead MoreFederal Prison Comparison Paper1771 Words   |  8 PagesAlderson Federal Prison Camp, which is a minimum security facility, located in Alderson West Virginia. Martha Stewart and Peter E. Bacanovic her former Merrill Lynch and Company broker, whose conviction charge of conspiracy, obstruction of justice and lying to federal investigators about her ImClone System Inc., Stock. The sentencing for each of these defendants netted five months a piece in prison. The judge informed them that they could both stay free on bail during the application process for anRead Mor eThe Old Public Health Model1546 Words   |  7 Pagesand/as Public Health. Prison and Inmates as Vectors of Health in the New Public Health Era. The Case of Canadian Penitentiaries† focuses on structural elements that explain the use of correctional health care in the prison setting today and how this plays a role in the broader public health strategies in the outside community. He does this by explaining factors such as â€Å"the mobilisation of prison as a tool for the new public health† and the production of inmates into healthcare ‘consumers’, along

Economics South Africa in the Global Economy

Question: Discuss about theEconomicsfor South Africa in the Global Economy. Answer: South Africa in the Global Economy. Debate Motion: South Africa has a Strong Place in the BRICS Group. It is observed that the role of South Africa plays a vital role in the global economy. South Africa has entered into the international trade community with pride and is fulfilling the requirements to a major extend. The country has grown from various economic problems. There was time that because of the unconventional monetary policies, there were crisis in South Africas domestic economy. But with the change in the economic structure the country had managed to grow along with the growth of globalization. Globalization is aimed with the integration of different countries and the same had helped South Africa to develop a dynamic structure in the global economy (Cecile, Gilles Philippe, 2012). It is observed that there is lot of imbalance in the economy of the country. Struggle to get the balance in the economy has made the country capable enough to face the challenges. South Africa now ranks in providing top-class companies and with the vast mining industries; the availability of minerals is an advantage for it. The deficiency of skilled labour has increased the cost of wages there (Popescu, 2013). With the recovery of the world economy there is a balance that is been developed in the country. It is the responsibility of the government that will help in the growth ad downfall of the economy and how to recover from it. After the downfall in the economy overall the government of the country has managed to come out of the situation successfully (Stumpf Vermaak, 2010). BRICS, an economic association formed with the objective of providing assistance between the member countries. The member countries of the association are Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa. South Africa joined the association on 24th December, 2010. South Africa was invited in the group with the object to increase the contribution to the group. During the research it was observed that South Africa has benefited a lot from the BRICS. The major advantages were in the field of science, finance, justice, security, agriculture, etc. The Africa trade has increased after it has entered in the BRICS group. The reputation of the country has increased before the World Bank ad this had led to various advantages for the country. It was observed that with the entry of South Africa in the BRICS group has attracted many investors for the country. Many Chinese investors has visited South Africa with the aim to invest there. Also the minerals that are available in the country had helped it to contribute to the global economy. This has increased the flow of investment in the country not only from the associated groups but also from other countries around the globe. At the end we can say that South Africa is a country which has developed itself ad had managed to come out of the situation of low economy (nay, 2013). By entering into the BRICS group the association as well as the country had benefited as a whole. There is no doubt that South Africa holds a good position in the BRICS groups and the group has benefited out of it, but at the same time the entry in the group had helped South Africa to grow as a whole. Other Emerging Economies in a Globalising World. Debate Motion: The BRICS are now Being Challenged by other Emerging Economies. Globalisation is the motion with the objective to impart availability of resources of all the countries to each other. With this there are other economies which are emerging for the benefits of the countries associated with it. BRICS is the greatest example for the same. BRICS is an association which was formed for the benefits of the countries which are associated with the group. The object was to provide the benefit of finances, investment, security etc. to the countries which are part of BRICS for the other countries. From almost a decade the political importance of BRICS has been increasing (Dianne, 2012). This unity they have given them a stronger command over various global institutions such as World Bank. BRICS had helps the developing companies like India and South Africa capable to stand in the global market. With the emergence of the other economies in the globalised world the advantage of vast global market has increased. Other economies give a special advantage to the gro up countries. With these emergences there is also increased responsibility of the global market. It is observed that the advantage that is given to only the group countries which may result in change in behaviour of such countries with the trade policies of other countries. The other economies have to work with considering the fact that it is working in a global market as a whole and cannot disturb the balance of the same (Cheru, 2016). With this we can say that the emergence of other economies in the globalised market may seem to be at a small scale at present but has a wide scope in future. The projections seem to be aimed at high growth level and the same shall be accomplished. With the other emerging economies the BRICS is been challenged. It is observed that there is a need to develop new models and approached to interact with the rest of the countries (Sechel Ciobanu, 2014). No matter how well the working of the countries of BRICS is going within themselves, it is important to grow the trade and communication with other countries as well. There is a need to work with each other and for this new models are to be developed. The difference in the political status of the BRICS countries and other countries is one of the cause that is been a hindrance for the trade with other countries. BRICS have been working on with the countries with similar political and social background, but with the other economies it became important for them to develop new ways of working. The other countries which are not the part of BRICS are resource full and have adopted a developed technique to get the maximum out of the available resources. This in result is driving the labour from developing countries of BRICS at a lower rate (Harmer et al., 2013). With this we can conclude that it is getting difficult for the BRICS to work easily after the emergence of the other economies, and in order to overcome this there is a need to remodel the working policies of BRICS. References Cecile Bastidon Gilles, Nicolas Huchet, Philippe Gilles. (2012). Amplification Effects and Unconventional Monetary Policies. Theoretical and Applied Economics, 2(567)(2(567)), 13-30. Cheru, F. (2016). Emerging Southern powers and new forms of SouthSouth cooperation: Ethiopias strategic engagement with China and India. Third World Quarterly, 37(4), 592-610. Dianne Lynne Bevelander. (2012). Who is engaging with whom? Internationalizing opportunities for business schools in emerging economies. International Journal of Educational Management, 26(7), 646-663. Harmer, A., Xiao, Y., Missoni, E., Tediosi, F. (2013). 'BRICS without straw'? A systematic literature review of newly emerging economies' influence in global health. Globalization and Health, 9(1), Globalization and Health, April 15, 2013, Vol.9(1). Popescu, Gheorghe H. (2013). The growing weight of the BRICs in the global economy. Psychosociological Issues in Human Resource Management, 1(2), 48. Sechel Ioana-Cristina, Ciobanu Gheorghe. (2014). Characteristics of the emerging market economies - BRICS, from the perspective of stock exchange markets. Annals of the University of Oradea: Economic Science, 23(1), 40-49. Stumpf, Vermaak. (2010). The role of technology in reconstructing South Africa's economy towards global competitiveness. International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping, 66(1), 3-16. nay, S. (2013). Reality or Mirage?: BRICS and the Making of Multipolarity in the Global Political Economy. Insight Turkey, 15(3), 77-94.